Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital heart defects are seen in about 60% of children. The most common are an atrial septal defect, a single atrium, and a ventricular septal defect. Assessment by a pediatric cardiologist soon after birth is strongly recommended. Cardiac surgery may be needed to correct the abnormalities. Nearly 50% of babies born with EVC will die due to cardiorespiratory complications.
Genitourinary Anomalies
Genitourinary anomalies include poor development of the penis and kidneys. Evaluation by a paediatric urologist is advised.
Teeth
Teeth will appear early and may even be present at birth. They are small, peg-shaped and poorly formed. EVC patients are predisposed to dental cavities. Several abnormalities around the lips and gums have been described. Children with EVC would benefit from early referral to an orthodontist for surgical or prosthetic management of dental problems.