Problems in the musculoskeletal system

Metatrophic Dyplasia varies in severity. Some infants die from severe respiratory problems whereas others survive with only minor changes.

• Neck- Atlantoaxial instability is almost universally present in metatropic dysplasia. X-rays of the neck should be performed at diagnosis and at periodical intervals thereafter. Progressive instability in this region will lead to spinal cord compression and is potentially life threatening. Signs of cord compression have been listed elsewhere. If instability is progressive or symptomatic, early surgical fusion of the affected bones is essential. In cases of diagnostic doubt, further information can be obtained by means of an MRI scan (with flexion-extension views and CSF flow studies). It allows accurate determination of the degree of spinal cord compression and space available for the cord. Spinal fusion may be supplemented by instrumentation (metal implants) to support the bones until the fusion mass consolidates. Usually extra bone is taken from a rib or from the pelvis to help the healing process. Immobilization of the neck is achieved by a halo vest or body cast, for at least 3 months.
• Spine- Kyphoscoliosis is commonly seen in early childhood. It is often severe and rapidly progressive. Spinal curves should be diagnosed early and followed-up at regular intervals. Bracing may be of some benefit in younger children with smaller curves (40⁰ to 50⁰). The timing of spinal decompression and fusion for scoliosis in metatropic dysplasia is dependent upon the severity of the curve, curve progression, age and risk of injury to the spinal cord. Instrumentation of the spinal fusion may not be possible due to the size and structure of the vertebral column. Prolonged immobilization in a halo body cast may be necessary following surgery. The status of the respiratory system may dictate the timing of surgery, especially in the younger, more severely affected children. In the lower back, spinal stenosis may occur requiring decompression and spinal fusion.
• Limb deformities:- The limbs are short with significant joint contractures. The treatment of bony deformities and joint contractures is dictated by walking ability, amount of functional compromise and symptoms. Common problems include hip and knee flexion contractures and genu valgus. Some individuals may have signs of ligamentous laxity. Premature degenerative arthritis invariably occurs, requiring joint replacement surgery.

• What are the physical characteristics of Metatropic Dysplasia?
• How is the diagnosis made?
• Problems in the musculoskeletal system
• Problems elsewhere in the body
• What are things to watch out for?
• References